Exoenzyme C3 transferase protein: His tagged:Clostridium botulinum recombinant

Exoenzyme C3 transferase protein: His tagged:Clostridium botulinum recombinant
$0.00

Product Uses Include

  • Inhibition of RhoA, B and C in vitro
  • Inhibition of RhoA, B and C in vivo (See Table 1 for examples of use)

Material
Exoenzyme C3 transferase is an ADP ribosyl transferase that selectively ribosylates RhoA, RhoB and RhoC proteins on asparagine residue 41, rendering them inactive. It has extremely low affinity for other members of the Rho family such as Cdc42 and Rac1 and does therefore not affect these GTPases. Hence, C3 transferase is a very potent and useful reagent to specifically block RhoA/B/C signaling.

C3 transferase has been produc ed by expression in E. coli as a His-tagged protein. The recombinant protein is 24 kDa in size and is supplied as a lyophilized powder. Reconstitution of the protein in water to 1 mg/ml leaves the protein in the following buffer: 20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 50 mM NaCl, 0.5% sucrose and 0.1% dextran. Protein concentration is determined by the Precision Red Advanced Protein Assay Reagent Cat. # ADV02.

C3 transferase protein is also available in a cell permeable format (Cat. CT04) for fast, efficient and simple inhibition of RhoA/B/C in living cells.
 

Purity
Purity is determined by scanning densitometry of protein run on SDS-PAGE gels. CT03 consists of more than 90% pure exoenzyme C3 Transferase.

ct03gel

Figure 1: Exoenzyme C3 transferase purity determination.  A 20 µg sample of CT03 was separated by SDS-PAGE and protein was stained with coomassie blue.  Protein quantitation was performed using Precision Red Assay reagent (Cat. # ADV02).  Purity was determined by scanning densitometry. The protein was determined to be >90% pure.

Biological Activity
Biological activity of C3 transferase is verified by the ability of the protein to ribosylate RhoA protein in platelet lysates in vitro (Fig. 2).

ct03qcblot

Figure 1: ADP-ribosylation of RhoA protein in human platelet extract.  Platelet extract (100 µg) was reacted with C3 protein (1 µg) for 30 min at 37°C.  Extracts were run on  non-denaturing gel electrophoresis and RhoA protein was detected by Western blot.  Lane 1 shows untreated extracts.  Lane 2 shows C3 transferase treated extracts.  The RhoA in the C3 transferase treated extract shows increased migration in the gel due to its ADP ribosylation. 

Table 1. Examples of how Cytoskeleton, Inc's C3 transferase has been used on cells to inactivate RhoA.

Cell type

Method of introduction into cells

Concentration of C3 used (mg/ml)

Citation

BS-C-1

microinjection

0.1

2

NRK

added to culture media

0.02

7

Xenopus oocytes

microinjection

0.08

1

Primary Aplysia bag cells

microinjection

0.3

8

For product Datasheets and MSDSs please click on the PDF links below.   For additional information, click on the FAQs tab above or contact our Technical Support department at tservice@cytoskeleton.com

AuthorTitleJournalYearArticle Link
do Rosário, Carline Fermino et al.Lateral and longitudinal compaction of PRC1 overlap zones drives stabilization of interzonal microtubulesMolecular Biology of the Cell2023ISSN 1939-4586
Harasimov, Katarina et al.Actin-driven chromosome clustering facilitates fast and complete chromosome capture in mammalian oocytesNature Cell Biology 2023 25:32023ISSN 1476--4679
Ciszewski, Wojciech M. et al.SARS-CoV-2 S and N protein peptides drive invasion abilities of colon cancer cells through TGF-β1 regulationBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research2023ISSN 0167--4889
Zhang, Xingyu et al.Soluble TREM2 ameliorates tau phosphorylation and cognitive deficits through activating transgelin-2 in Alzheimer’s diseaseNature Communications 2023 14:12023ISSN 2041--1723
Harasimov, Katarina et al.Actin-driven chromosome clustering facilitates fast and complete chromosome capture in mammalian oocytesNature Cell Biology 20232023ISSN 1476--4679
Du, Xing et al.The mevalonate pathway promotes the metastasis of osteosarcoma by regulating YAP1 activity via RhoAGenes & Diseases2022
Guo, Yan et al.Opposing roles of ZEB1 in the cytoplasm and nucleus control cytoskeletal assembly and YAP1 activityCell Reports2022ISSN 2211--1247
Du, Xing et al.The mevalonate pathway promotes the metastasis of osteosarcoma by regulating YAP1 activity via RhoAGenes & Diseases2022
Xie, Lang et al.MYO1B enhances colorectal cancer metastasis by promoting the F-actin rearrangement and focal adhesion assembly via RhoA/ROCK/FAK signalingAnnals of Translational Medicine2021ISSN 2305-5839
Zhou, Qun et al.Inflammatory Immune Cytokine TNF-α Modulates Ezrin Protein Activation via FAK/RhoA Signaling Pathway in PMVECs HyperpermeabilityFrontiers in Pharmacology2021ISSN 1663-9812
Landino, Jennifer et al.Rho and F-actin self-organize within an artificial cell cortexCurrent Biology2021ISSN 1879-0445
McCray, Brett A. et al.Neuropathy-causing TRPV4 mutations disrupt TRPV4-RhoA interactions and impair neurite extensionNature Communications2021ISSN 2041-1723
Pal, Debadrita et al.Rac and Arp2/3-Nucleated Actin Networks Antagonize Rho During Mitotic and Meiotic CleavagesFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2020ISSN 2296-634X
Lu, Jiaoyang et al.Basement Membrane Regulates Fibronectin Organization Using Sliding Focal Adhesions Driven by a Contractile WinchDevelopmental Cell2020ISSN 1878-1551
Wang, Lei et al.YAP and TAZ protect against white adipocyte cell death during obesityNature Communications2020ISSN 2041-1723
Evans, Frances et al.Signaling pathways in cytoskeletal responses to plasma membrane depolarization in corneal endothelial cellsJournal of Cellular Physiology2020ISSN 1097-4652
Miao, Hui et al.Cell ratcheting through the Sbf RabGEF directs force balancing and stepped apical constrictionJournal of Cell Biology2019ISSN 1540-8140
Ko, Clint S. et al.Microtubules promote intercellular contractile force transmission during tissue foldingJournal of Cell Biology2019ISSN 1540-8140
Zahra, Fatema Tuz et al.Endothelial RhoA GTPase is essential for in vitro endothelial functions but dispensable for physiological in vivo angiogenesisScientific Reports2019ISSN 2045-2322
Hübner, Kathleen et al.Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates VE-cadherin-mediated anastomosis of brain capillaries by counteracting S1pr1 signalingNature Communications2018ISSN 2041-1723
Song, Nan et al.NLRP3 Phosphorylation Is an Essential Priming Event for Inflammasome ActivationMolecular Cell2017ISSN 1097-4164
Ren, Yu et al.Induction of cell cycle arrest by increasing GTP-RhoA levels via taxol-induced microtubule polymerization in renal cell carcinomaMolecular Medicine Reports2017ISSN 1791-3004
Platet, Nadine et al.The tumor suppressor CDX2 opposes pro-metastatic biomechanical modifications of colon cancer cells through organization of the actin cytoskeletonCancer Letters2017ISSN 1872-7980
Raya-Sandino, Arturo et al.Zonula occludens-2 regulates Rho proteins activity and the development of epithelial cytoarchitecture and barrier functionBiochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research2017ISSN 1879-2596
Mason, Frank M. et al.RhoA GTPase inhibition organizes contraction during epithelial morphogenesisJournal of Cell Biology2016ISSN 1540-8140
Park, Yong Hwan et al.Pyrin inflammasome activation and RhoA signaling in the autoinflammatory diseases FMF and HIDSNature Immunology2016ISSN 1529-2916
Tivari, Samir et al.An in vitro dormancy model of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer in the bone marrow: A tool for molecular mechanism studies and hypothesis generationJournal of Visualized Experiments2015ISSN 1940-087X
Lemons, M L et al.Integrins and cAMP mediate netrin-induced growth cone collapseBrain Research2013Article Link
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Question 1:  What is the difference between the Rho inhibitors CT03 and CT04?

Answer 1:  The only difference between these C3 Transferase proteins (Cat. # CT03 and CT04) is that CT04 is covalently linked to a proprietary cell penetrating moiety via a disulfide bond.  In this way, CT04 is a much better reagent to use to inhibit Rho activity in living cells.

 

Question 2:  How can I assess whether Rho activity is changing following CT03 treatment? 

Answer 2:  There are multiple ways to measure changes in Rho activity.  If CT03 has been delivered to cells via micro-injection or pinocytic uptake, we recommend examining Rho-mediated stress fiber formation with fluorescently-labeled phalloidin (Cat. # PHDG1, PHDH1, PHDN1, PHDR1).  These Acti-stain phalloidins label F-actin stress fibers.  Activation of Rho can be directly quantified with one of our activation assays, either the traditional pull-down (Cat. # BK036) or the RhoA G-LISA activation assay (Cat. # BK124).  You can also measure CT03’s ability to ADP ribosylate native Rho in human platelet extracts in vitro (please see the CT03 datasheet for more details).  Briefly, a standard biological assay for monitoring the ADP ribosylation of Rho consists of an in vivo ribosylation reaction followed by non-denaturing gel electophoresis and Western blot analysis using Cytoskeleton’s anti-Rho monoclonal antibody (Cat. # ARH03).  Stringent quality control ensures that >80% of native Rho protein is ADP ribosylated by the recombinant C3 transferase.

 

If you have any questions concerning this product, please contact our Technical Service department at tservice@cytoskeleton.com.