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RhoA / Rac1 / Cdc42 Activation Assay Combo Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 3 x 10 assays

RhoA / Rac1 / Cdc42 Activation Assay Combo Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 3 x 10 assays
$0.00
SKU
BK030
Datasheet
MSDS
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Product Uses Include

  • The combo kit is an ideal choice when your experimental observations suggest that one or more Rho family proteins are activated.
  • Provides 10 assays each for detection of activated RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42. 
  • Includes an extensive array of reagents (see kit contents below).
  • Most cost effective way to obtain a Rho family activation profile.
Click Here for Detailed Methods

Assay Principle

The principle of the assay is shown schematically below (Figure 1).  The assay is based upon the fact that a Rho family effector protein is known to bind preferentially to the active (GTP-bound) form of its target GTPase (1).  In the case of RhoA activation, the rhotekin-RBD effector domain is used to make the affinity beads (2). In the case of Cdc42 and Rac1 activation, the PAK-PBD effector domain is used for affinity beads (3).  Example Western blot results and detailed protocols can be viewed by clicking the documents tab above and downloading the pdf datasheet.

RhoA-Rac1-Cdc42-Activation-Img

Kit contents
The kit contains sufficient materials for 10 assays each for RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 (depending on activation levels in cells),  including reagents for positive and negative controls. The following components are included:

  1. GST-tagged Rhotekin-RBD protein on colored agarose beads (Part # RT02-S)
  2. GST-tagged PAK-PBD protein on colored agarose beads (Part # PAK02-S)
  3. RhoA-specific monoclonal antibody, 50 ug (Cat. # ARH03)
  4. Rac1-specific monoclonal antibody, 50 ug (Cat. # ARC03)
  5. Cdc42 monoclonal antibody, 50 ug (Cat. # ACD03)
  6. His-tagged RhoA protein (Part # RHWT)
  7. His-tagged Rac1 protein (Part # RCWT)
  8. His-tagged Cdc42 protein (Part # CDWT)
  9. GTPγS: (non-hydrolyzable GTP analog) (Cat. # BS01)
  10. GDP (Part # GDP01)
  11. Cell lysis Buffer (Part # CLB01)
  12. Wash Buffer (Part # WB01-S)
  13. Loading Buffer (Part # LB01)
  14. STOP Buffer (Part # STP01)
  15. DMSO (Part # DMSO)
  16. Protease inhibitor cocktail (Cat. # PIC02)
  17. Manual with detailed protocols and extensive troubleshooting guide

 

Equipment needed

  1. SDS-PAGE minigel system and Western blotting transfer apparatus

 

References

  1. Aspenstrom, P.  1999.  Effectors for the Rho GTPases.  Curr. Opin. In Cell Biol. 11, 95-102.
  2. Ren, X.D. et al.  1999.  Regulation of the small GTP-binding protein Rho by cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton.  EMBO J. 18, 578-585.
  3. Benard, V. et al. 1999. Characterization of Rac and Cdc42 activation in chemoattractant-stimulated human neutrophils using a novel assay for active GTPases.  J. Biol. Chem. 274: 13198-13204 .

 

 

Please check out the new versions of Activation Assays and associated products:

G-LISA® Activation Assays:
Cdc42 G-LISA® Activation Assay, colorimetric format (Cat.# BK127)
Rac1 G-LISA® Activation Assay, luminescence format (Cat.# BK126)
Rac1,2,3 G-LISA® Activation Assay, colorimetric format (Cat.# BK125)
RhoA G-LISA® Activation Assay, colorimetric format (Cat.# BK124)
RhoA G-LISA® Activation Assay, luminescence format (Cat.# BK121)

 

Large Pull-down Activation Assays:
Cdc42 Activation Assay Biochem Kit, bead pull-down format (Cat.# BK034)
Rac1 Activation Assay Biochem Kit, bead pull-down format (Cat.# BK035)
RhoA Activation Assay Biochem Kit, bead pull-down format (Cat.# BK036)

Associated Products:
Anti-Cdc42 monoclonal antibody (Cat.# ACD03)
Anti-Rac1 monoclonal antibody (Cat.# ARC03)
Anti-RhoA monoclonal antibody (Cat.# ARH03)
GST-tagged Rhotekin-RBD protein on colored agarose beads (Cat. # RT02)
GST-tagged PAK-PBD protein on colored agarose beads (Cat. # PAK02)
His-tagged RhoA protein (Cat. # RH01)
His-tagged Rac1 protein (Cat. # RC01)
His-tagged Cdc42 protein (Cat. # CD01)

For product Datasheets and MSDSs please click on the PDF links below.   For additional information, click on the FAQs tab above or contact our Technical Support department at tservice@cytoskeleton.com

AuthorTitleJournalYearArticle Link
Bai, Xiaoyuan et al.The extracellular cyclophilin A-integrin β2 complex as a therapeutic target of viral pneumoniaMolecular Therapy2024
Ha, Cuong P. et al.Humanin activates integrin αV–TGFβ axis and leads to glioblastoma progressionCell Death & Disease2024
Laurent-Issartel, Carine et al.Ascites microenvironment conditions the peritoneal pre-metastatic niche to promote the implantation of ovarian tumor spheroids: Involvement of fibrinogen/fibrin and αV and α5β1 integrinsExperimental Cell Research2024
Guo, Xiong et al.Rabenosyn-5 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer metastasis via inhibiting CDC42 activityCancer Gene Therapy 2024
Yang, Ruicheng et al.Egr-1 is a key regulator of the blood-brain barrier damage induced by meningitic Escherichia coliCell Communication and Signaling2024
Tang, Jingshu et al.TIMP2 ameliorates blood-brain barrier disruption in traumatic brain injury by inhibiting Src-dependent VE-cadherin internalizationThe Journal of Clinical Investigation2024
Aw, Wen Yih et al.Microphysiological model of PIK3CA-driven vascular malformations reveals a role of dysregulated Rac1 and mTORC1/2 in lesion formationScience Advances2023
Fu, Lisheng et al.Septin11 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell motility by activating RhoA to regulate cytoskeleton and cell adhesionCell Death & Disease 2023 14:42023
Kim, Hyunsoo et al.PP2A-Mediated GSK3β Dephosphorylation Is Required for Protocadherin-7-Dependent Regulation of Small GTPase RhoA in OsteoclastsCells2023
Moreiras, Hugo et al.Melanocore uptake by keratinocytes occurs through phagocytosis and involves protease-activated receptor-2 internalizationTraffic2022
Flores-Muñoz, Carolina et al.The Long-Term Pannexin 1 Ablation Produces Structural and Functional Modifications in Hippocampal NeuronsCells2022
Liu, Yao et al.Exosomes derived from stem cells from apical papilla promote craniofacial soft tissue regeneration by enhancing Cdc42-mediated vascularizationStem Cell Research and Therapy2021
Bian, Rui et al.Research paper rac gtpase activating protein 1 promotes gallbladder cancer via binding DNA ligase 3 to reduce apoptosisInternational Journal of Biological Sciences2021
Qi, Yan et al.Rhoa/rock pathway activation is regulated by at1 receptor and participates in smooth muscle migration and dedifferentiation via promoting actin cytoskeleton polymerizationInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences2020
Brisson, Lucie et al.P2X7 receptor promotes mouse mammary cancer cell invasiveness and tumour progression, and is a target for anticancer treatmentCancers2020
Frye, Maike et al.Ephrinb2-ephb4 signalling provides rho-mediated homeostatic control of lymphatic endothelial cell junction integrityeLife2020
Birkl, Dorothee et al.TNFα promotes mucosal wound repair through enhanced platelet activating factor receptor signaling in the epitheliumMucosal Immunology2019
Dupraz, Sebastian et al.RhoA Controls Axon Extension Independent of Specification in the Developing BrainCurrent Biology2019
Pan, Yu et al.Dissection of glomerular transcriptional profile in patients with diabetic nephropathy: SRGAP2a protects podocyte structure and functionDiabetes2018
Tang, Lian et al.RhoA/ROCK signaling regulates smooth muscle phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling via the JNK pathway and vimentin cytoskeletonPharmacological Research2018
Cheng, Lili et al.Zoledronate dysregulates fatty acid metabolism in renal tubular epithelial cells to induce nephrotoxicityArchives of Toxicology2018
Tiwari, Richa et al.Depletion of keratin 8/18 modulates oncogenic potential by governing multiple signaling pathwaysFEBS Journal2018
Majumder, Piyali et al.Cellular levels of Grb2 and cytoskeleton stability are correlated in a neurodegenerative scenarioDMM Disease Models and Mechanisms2017
Li, Yan et al.Aerobic exercise regulates Rho/cofilin pathways to rescue synaptic loss in aged ratsPLoS ONE2017
Liu, Chunqiao et al.A secreted WNT-ligand-binding domain of FZD5 generated by a frameshift mutation causes autosomal dominant colobomaHuman Molecular Genetics2016
Bon, Emeline et al.SCN4B acts as a metastasis-suppressor gene preventing hyperactivation of cell migration in breast cancerNature Communications2016
Zhang, Liang et al.A lateral signalling pathway coordinates shape volatility during cell migrationNature Communications2016
Medapati, Manoj Reddy et al.RAGE mediates the pro-migratory response of extracellular S100A4 in human thyroid cancer cellsThyroid2015
Tang, Jianjun et al.Paradoxical role of CBX8 in proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancerOncotarget2014

 

Question 1: I have high background and/or multiple bands on my western blot.  How can I fix this?

Answer 1:  There are multiple causes of high background and/or multiple bands.  Some suggestions to improve background signal include:

  1. When blotting use 70v for 45min only as the small G-proteins are very mobile.
  2. Fully remove SDS from the gel by using a non-SDS containing buffer for transfer and performing a full 15 min gel wash step in the transfer buffer before blotting.
  3. Dry the PVDF membrane for 30 min after transfer and before blocking (not necessary for nitrocellulose)
  4. Making sure that the TBST contains 10 mM Tris, 0.05% Tween 20 and 150 mM NaCl.
  5. Incubating with the primary antibody overnight at 4°C and using the appropriate ECL detection system. 

 

Question 2: How much of the beads should I use for my pull-down experiments?

Answer 2:  The beads conjugated to the respective effector protein that recognizes the active form of each GTPase will bind to the GDP-bound GTPase with a much lower affinity than the GTP-bound GTPase.  If too many beads are added to the pull-down assay there will be significant binding to inactive (GDP-bound) GTPases.  The result of this will be an underestimation of GTPase activation.  For this reason, we highly recommend performing a bead titration to determine optimal conditions for any given GTPase activation or inactivation assay.  Once optimal conditions have been established, bead titrations should no longer be necessary.

 

Question 3:  How can I test whether the beads are working properly?

Answer 3:  A standard biological assay for the beads consists of a GTPase protein pull-down from cells loaded with either GTPγS (Cat. # BS01) or GDP.  Here are guidelines to follow (see Cat. # BK030 manual for more details):

 

Positive Cellular Protein Control:

Total cell lysate (300 – 800 μg) should be loaded with GTPγS as a positive control for the pull-down assay.  The following reaction details how to load endogenous GTPase with the nonhydrolysable GTP analog (GTPγS).  This is an excellent substrate for the beads and should result in a strong positive signal in a pull-down assay.

 

a) Perform GTP loading on 300 – 800 μg of cell lysate (0.5 mg/ml protein concentration) by adding 1/10th volume of Loading Buffer.

b) Immediately add 1/100th volume of GTPγS (200 μM final concentration).  Under these conditions, 5 - 10% of the GTPase protein will load with non-hydrolysable GTPγS and will be “pulled-down” with the beads in the assay.

c) Incubate the control sample at 30°C for 15 min with gentle rotation.

d) Stop the reaction by transferring the tube to 4°C and adding 1/10th volume of STOP Buffer.

e) Use this sample immediately in a pull-down assay.

 

Negative Cellular Protein Control:

This reaction should be performed in an identical manner to the Positive Control reaction except that 1/100th volume of GDP (1 mM final concentration) should be added to the reaction in place of the GTPγS.  Loading endogenous GTPase with GDP will inactivate the GTPase and this complex will bind very poorly to the beads.

 

 

If you have any questions concerning this product, please contact our Technical Service department at tservice@cytoskeleton.com

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