G-Actin/F-actin In Vivo Assay Biochem Kit

$0.00

SKU

BK037

Datasheet

MSDS

Amount

30-100 assays (Cat. # BK037) + $805.00

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Details

Product Uses Include

To study the effects of pharmaceutical compounds on the ratio of G-actin to F-actin.
To study the effects of mutated cell lines versus their parent cell line for the change in ratio of G-actin to F-actin.
To study the effects of physical alterations of environment on the ratio of G-actin to F-actin.

Click Here for Detailed Methods

Introduction
The most reproducible and accurate method of determining the amount of filamentous actin (F-actin) content versus free globular-actin (G-actin) content in a cell population is to use Western blot quantitation of F-actin and G-actin cellular fractions (1-4). The general approach is to homogenize cells in F-actin stabilization buffer, followed by centrifugation to separate the F-actin from G-actin pool. The fractions are then separated by SDS-PAGE and actin is quantitated by Western blot. The final result gives the most accurate method of determining the ratio of F-actin incorporated into the cytoskeleton versus the G-actin found in the cytosol. This kit contains all the reagents needed to perform this assay.

Kit contents
The kit contains sufficient materials for 30-100 assays depending assay setup and includes reagents for positive and negative controls. The following components are included:

Lysis and F-actin stabilization buffer
ATP (Cat. # BSA04)
Protease inhibitor cocktail (Cat. # PIC02)
F-actin enhancing control solution
F-actin depolymerization control solution
Control G-actin Standard (Cat. # AKL99)
Anti-Actin MAb (clone 7A8.2.1) (Cat # AAN02-S)
SDS sample buffer (5 x)
DMSO
Manual with detailed protocols and extensive troubleshooting guide

Equipment needed

Temperature controlled centrifuge capable of reaching 100,000 x g. Ideally accepts 100 µl sample volumes. The assay can be adapted for larger volumes, however, this may result in less assays per kit (see Section VI: Assay Protocol).
Small homogenizer suitable for low milliliter volumes or 25G needle and syringe.
SDS-PAGE and western blot apparatus and reagents, anti-mouse-HRP secondary Ab

Example results
Swiss 3T3 cells were grown to 50% confluency in DMEM / 10% FBS at 37°C/5% CO2. Cells were untreated (lanes 1P and 1S) or treated with 0.1 µM of the actin polymerizing drug jasplakinolide for 30 minutes at 37°C/5% CO2 (lanes 2P and 2S). Cells were lysed and processed into supernatant (S) and pellet (P) fractions and ana-lysed by western blot quantitation of actin protein according to the G-actin/F-actin In Vivo Assay Kit instructions.

Panel 1: In untreated Swiss 3T3 cells, 45% of actin is soluble G-actin (1S) and 55% is insoluble F-actin (1P). This agrees with published data (3).Panel 2: In Swiss 3T3 cells treated with the actin polymerizing drug jasplakinolide, only 5% of actin remains in the soluble G-actin fraction (2S) while 95% is found in the insoluble F-actin pellet fraction (2P). Lanes 50, 20 and 10 represents 50ng, 20ng and 10 ng of G-actin standard. M represents molecular weight markers (molecular weights are shown to the right of the blot).

References

Milligan R.A. et al. 1990. Molecular structure of F-actin and location of surface binding sites. Nature 348, 217-221.
Dos Remedios C.G. et al. 2003. Actin binding proteins: regulation of cytoskeletal microfilaments. Physiol. Rev. 83, 433-473.
Phillips D.R. et al. 1980. Identification of membrane proteins mediating the interaction of human platelets. J. Cell Biol. 86, 77-86.
Kim H.R. et al. 2008. Cytoskeletal remodeling in differentiated vascular smooth muscle is actin isoform dependent and stimulus dependent. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 295, C768-C778.

About

For product Datasheets and MSDSs please click on the PDF links below. For additional information, click on the FAQs tab above or contact our Technical Support department at tservice@cytoskeleton.com

Citations

Author	Title	Journal	Year	Article Link
Iwanski, Jessika B. et al.	Leiomodin 2 neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy mutation results in altered actin gene signatures and cardiomyocyte dysfunction	npj Regenerative Medicine	2024	ISSN 2057--3995
Jiménez-Guerrero, Irene et al.	Natural variation in a short region of the Acidovorax citrulli type III-secreted effector AopW1 is associated with differences in cytotoxicity and host adaptation	The Plant Journal	2024	ISSN 1365--313X
Reedy, Jennifer L. et al.	Fungal melanin suppresses airway epithelial chemokine secretion through blockade of calcium fluxing	Nature Communications	2024	ISSN 2041--1723
Eberhard, Daniel et al.	Semaphorin-3A regulates liver sinusoidal endothelial cell porosity and promotes hepatic steatosis	Nature Cardiovascular Research	2024	ISSN 2731--0590
Przyklenk, Matthias et al.	ANTXR1 deficiency promotes fibroblast senescence: implications for GAPO syndrome as a progeroid disorder	Scientific Reports	2024	ISSN 2045--2322
Song, Yang et al.	Biphasic regulation of epigenetic state by matrix stiffness during cell reprogramming	Science Advances	2024	ISSN 2375-2548
Politiek, Frouwkje A. et al.	Molecular and cellular consequences of mevalonate kinase deficiency	Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)	2024	ISSN 0925--4439
Müller, Lisa et al.	Plakophilin 4 controls the spatio-temporal activity of RhoA at adherens junctions to promote cortical actin ring formation and tissue tension	Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences	2024	ISSN 1420-9071
Liu, Xiaomin et al.	RABV induces biphasic actin cytoskeletal rearrangement through Rac1 activity modulation	Journal of Virology	2024	ISSN 0022--538X
Wang, Kui et al.	Vascular endothelial cellular mechanics under hyperglycemia and its role in tissue regeneration	Regenerative Biomaterials	2024	ISSN 2056--3418
Sen, Buer et al.	Nuclear actin structure regulates chromatin accessibility	Nature Communications	2024	ISSN 2041--1723
Baudouin, Lucas et al.	Antagonistic actions of PAK1 and NF2/Merlin drive myelin membrane expansion in oligodendrocytes	GLIA	2024	ISSN 1098-1136
Gao, Da Peng et al.	Chronic Alcohol Exposure Alters the Levels and Assembly of the Actin Cytoskeleton and Microtubules in the Adult Mouse Hippocampus	Journal of Integrative Neuroscience	2024	ISSN 1757-448X
Kamnev, Anton et al.	Coordinated ARP2/3 and glycolytic activities regulate the morphological and functional fitness of human CD8+ T cells	Cell reports	2024	ISSN 2211--1247
Yin, Xiufeng et al.	CFL1 is Implicated in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Response during Imatinib Therapy	Journal of Cancer	2024	ISSN 1837-9664
Medina-Dols, Aina et al.	Role of PATJ in stroke prognosis by modulating endothelial to mesenchymal transition through the Hippo/Notch/PI3K axis	Cell Death Discovery	2024	ISSN 2058--7716
Li, Yuan Bao et al.	Fimbrin associated with Pmk1 to regulate the actin assembly during Magnaporthe oryzae hyphal growth and infection	Stress Biology	2024	ISSN 2731-0450
Wang, Lingling et al.	Map-1a regulates Sertoli cell BTB dynamics through the cytoskeletal organization of microtubule and F-actin	Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology	2024	ISSN 1477--7827
Yu, Jinhan et al.	Inhibiting F-Actin Polymerization Impairs the Internalization of Moraxella catarrhalis	Microorganisms	2024	ISSN 2076--2607
Kinnart, Inge et al.	Elevated α-synuclein levels inhibit mitophagic flux	npj Parkinson's Disease	2024	ISSN 2373--8057
Qu, Jiaorong et al.	The tumor-enriched small molecule gambogic amide suppresses glioma by targeting WDR1-dependent cytoskeleton remodeling	Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy	2023	ISSN 2059--3635
Li Mow Chee, Frederic et al.	Mena regulates nesprin-2 to control actin–nuclear lamina associations, trans-nuclear membrane signalling and gene expression	Nature Communications	2023	ISSN 2041--1723
Djaziri, Nabila et al.	Cleavage of periostin by MMP9 protects mice from kidney cystic disease	PLOS ONE	2023	ISSN 1932--6203
Hsu, Hong Ming et al.	Distinct features of the host-parasite interactions between nonadherent and adherent Trichomonas vaginalis isolates	PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases	2023	ISSN 1935--2735
Chen, Yen Ju et al.	PIP2 regulating calcium signal modulates actin cytoskeleton-dependent cytoadherence and cytolytic capacity in the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis	PLOS Pathogens	2023	ISSN 1553--7374
Wang, Kai-Hsuan et al.	An Atypical F-Actin Capping Protein Modulates Cytoskeleton Behaviors Crucial for Trichomonas vaginalis Colonization	Microbiology Spectrum	2023	ISSN 2165-0497
Xu, Xun et al.	Histone Modification of Osteogenesis Related Genes Triggered by Substrate Topography Promotes Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation	ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces	2023	ISSN 1944-8252
Kneppers, Anita et al.	AMPKα2 is a skeletal muscle stem cell intrinsic regulator of myonuclear accretion	iScience	2023	ISSN 2589--0042
Chen, Wei Ju et al.	Podocalyxin-Like Protein 1 Regulates Pluripotency through the Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway	Advanced Science	2023	ISSN 2198--3844
Nguyen, Abraham et al.	TTBK2 controls cilium stability by regulating distinct modules of centrosomal proteins	Molecular Biology of the Cell	2023	ISSN 1939-4586
Hijazi, Nour et al.	Paxillin regulates liver fibrosis via actin polymerization and ERK activation in hepatic stellate cells	Journal of Cell Science	2023	ISSN 1477-9137
Li, Zixin et al.	Self-promoted electroactive biomimetic mineralized scaffolds for bacteria-infected bone regeneration	Nature Communications	2023	ISSN 2041--1723
Makarova, Nadezda et al.	Mechanical Way To Study Molecular Structure of Pericellular Layer	ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces	2023	ISSN 1944-8252
Guan, Linbo et al.	Lymphangiogenic responses of lymphatic endothelial cells to steady direct-current electric fields	Cell Adhesion & Migration	2023	ISSN 1933-6926
Polino, Alexander J. et al.	Disrupting actin filaments enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion independent of the cortical actin cytoskeleton	Journal of Biological Chemistry	2023	ISSN 1083-351X
Rakotomamonjy, Jennifer et al.	PCDH12 loss results in premature neuronal differentiation and impeded migration in a cortical organoid model	Cell reports	2023	ISSN 2211--1247
Du, William W. et al.	Nuclear Actin Polymerization Regulates Cell Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition	Advanced Science	2023	ISSN 2198--3844
Levy-Myers, Reuben et al.	An independent regulator of global release pathways in astrocytes generates a subtype of extracellular vesicles required for postsynaptic function	Science Advances	2023	ISSN 2375-2548
St. Paul, Amanda et al.	FXR1 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell cytoskeleton, VSMC contractility, and blood pressure by multiple mechanisms	Cell reports	2023	ISSN 2211-1247
Wu, Qiaoyun et al.	Electroacupuncture inhibits dendritic spine remodeling through the srGAP3-Rac1 signaling pathway in rats with SNL	Biological Research	2023	ISSN 0717-6287
Talukdar, Sattya N. et al.	RSV-induced expanded ciliated cells contribute to bronchial wall thickening	Virus Research	2023	ISSN 0168--1702
Wang, Caiqin et al.	Induction of filopodia formation by α-Actinin-2 via RelA with a feedforward activation loop promoting overt bone marrow metastasis of gastric cancer	Journal of Translational Medicine	2023	ISSN 1479--5876
Correa, Francisco et al.	Actin-Cytoskeleton Drives Caveolae Signaling to Mitochondria during Postconditioning	Cells	2023	ISSN 2073-4409
Romero, Luis O. et al.	Linoleic acid improves PIEZO2 dysfunction in a mouse model of Angelman Syndrome	Nature Communications	2023	ISSN 2041--1723
Bogucka-Janczi, Katarzyna et al.	ERK3/MAPK6 dictates CDC42/RAC1 activity and ARP2/3-dependent actin polymerization.	eLife	2023	ISSN 2050--084X
Li, Linxi et al.	PCP Protein Inversin Regulates Testis Function Through Changes in Cytoskeletal Organization of Actin and Microtubules	Endocrinology	2022	ISSN 0013--7227
Si, Hongjiang et al.	A Highlights from MBoC Selection: Noncanonical Wnt/Ror2 signaling regulates cell–matrix adhesion to prompt directional tumor cell invasion in breast cancer	Molecular Biology of the Cell	2022	ISSN 1939-4586
Flores-Muñoz, Carolina et al.	The Long-Term Pannexin 1 Ablation Produces Structural and Functional Modifications in Hippocampal Neurons	Cells	2022	ISSN 2073-4409
Lohraseb, Iman et al.	Global ubiquitinome profiling identifies NEDD4 as a regulator of Profilin 1 and actin remodelling in neural crest cells	Nature Communications	2022	ISSN 2041--1723
Fang, Shi et al.	RhoBTB1 reverses established arterial stiffness in angiotensin II–induced hypertension by promoting actin depolymerization	JCI Insight	2022	ISSN 0021--9738
Abe, Ichitaro et al.	Disruption of actin dynamics regulated by Rho effector mDia1 attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophic responses and exacerbates dysfunction	Cardiovascular Research	2021	ISSN 0008--6363
Lin, Yu Sheng et al.	Sarcomeres morphology and Z-line arrangement disarray induced by ventricular premature contractions through the Rac2/cofilin pathway	International Journal of Molecular Sciences	2021	ISSN 1422-0067
Garcia, Alix et al.	miR-204-5p and Platelet Function Regulation: Insight into a Mechanism Mediated by CDC42 and GPIIbIIIa	Thrombosis and haemostasis	2021	ISSN 2567--689X
Misra, Suniti et al.	Periostin/Filamin-A: A Candidate Central Regulatory Axis for Valve Fibrogenesis and Matrix Compaction	Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology	2021	ISSN 2296-634X
Saal, Kim Ann et al.	Rho-kinase inhibition by fasudil modulates pre-synaptic vesicle dynamics	Journal of Neurochemistry	2021	ISSN 1471--4159
Balbi, Carolina et al.	An exosomal-carried short periostin isoform induces cardiomyocyte proliferation	Theranostics	2021	ISSN 1838--7640
Zhang, Chong et al.	Fibrinogen/AKT/Microfilament Axis Promotes Colitis by Enhancing Vascular Permeability	Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology	2021	ISSN 2352--345X
Gupta, Richa et al.	Ectopic expression of 35 kDa and knocking down of 78 kDa SG2NAs induce cytoskeletal reorganization, alter membrane sialylation, and modulate the markers of EMT	Molecular and cellular biochemistry	2021	ISSN 1573--4919
Kim, Ji Eun et al.	PLPP/CIN-mediated NF2-serine 10 dephosphorylation regulates F-actin stability and Mdm2 degradation in an activity-dependent manner	Cell Death and Disease	2021	ISSN 2041-4889
Landry, Natalie M. et al.	SKI activates the Hippo pathway via LIMD1 to inhibit cardiac fibroblast activation	Basic Research in Cardiology	2021	ISSN 1435-1803
Morandell, Jasmin et al.	Cul3 regulates cytoskeleton protein homeostasis and cell migration during a critical window of brain development	Nature Communications	2021	ISSN 2041-1723
Yang, Nuo et al.	Effects of dexamethasone on remodeling of the hippocampal synaptic filamentous actin cytoskeleton in a model of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus	International Journal of Medical Sciences	2020	ISSN 1449-1907
Lu, Yi Ju et al.	Arabidopsis calcium-dependent protein kinase 3 regulates actin cytoskeleton organization and immunity	Nature Communications	2020	ISSN 2041-1723
Chen, Yuewen et al.	Coronin 2B regulates dendrite outgrowth by modulating actin dynamics	FEBS Letters	2020	ISSN 1873-3468
Huang, Rui et al.	NCAM regulates temporal specification of neural progenitor cells via profilin2 during corticogenesis	Journal of Cell Biology	2020	ISSN 1540-8140
Shi, Zengdun et al.	Myocardin and myocardin-related transcription factor-A synergistically mediate actin cytoskeletal-dependent inhibition of liver fibrogenesis	American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology	2020	ISSN 1522-1547
Luo, Xi et al.	Vascular NRP2 triggers PNET angiogenesis by activating the SSH1-cofilin axis	Cell and Bioscience	2020	ISSN 2045-3701
Kitchen, Gareth B. et al.	The clock gene Bmal1 inhibits macrophage motility, phagocytosis, and impairs defense against pneumonia	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America	2020	ISSN 1091-6490
Wenceslau, Camilla F. et al.	Formyl peptide receptor-1 activation exerts a critical role for the dynamic plasticity of arteries via actin polymerization	Pharmacological Research	2019	ISSN 1096-1186
Miller, Karl N. et al.	PGC-1a integrates a metabolism and growth network linked to caloric restriction	Aging Cell	2019	ISSN 1474-9726
Hu, Fang et al.	Nogo-A promotes inflammatory heat hyperalgesia by maintaining TRPV-1 function in the rat dorsal root ganglion neuron	FASEB Journal	2019	ISSN 1530-6860
Yu, Minhao et al.	Increased proton-sensing receptor GPR4 signalling promotes colorectal cancer progression by activating the hippo pathway	EBioMedicine	2019	ISSN 2352-3964
Kommaddi, Reddy Peera et al.	Aβ mediates F-actin disassembly in dendritic spines leading to cognitive deficits in alzheimer’s disease	Journal of Neuroscience	2018	ISSN 1529-2401
Wen, Qing et al.	Actin nucleator Spire 1 is a regulator of ectoplasmic specialization in the testis	Cell Death and Disease	2018	ISSN 2041-4889
Bardai, Farah H. et al.	A conserved cytoskeletal signaling cascade mediates neurotoxicity of FTDP-17 tau mutations in vivo	Journal of Neuroscience	2018	ISSN 1529-2401
Mauriac, Stephanie A. et al.	Defective Gpsm2/Gαi3 signalling disrupts stereocilia development and growth cone actin dynamics in Chudley-McCullough syndrome	Nature Communications	2017	ISSN 2041-1723
Pérez-Núñez, Ramón et al.	Overexpressed Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (DSCAM) Deregulates P21-Activated Kinase (PAK) Activity in an In Vitro Neuronal Model of Down Syndrome: Consequences on Cell Process Formation and Extension	Neurotoxicity Research	2016	ISSN 1476-3524
Allison, Patrick et al.	BMP2 rescues deficient cell migration in Tgfbr3−/− epicardial cells and requires Src kinase	Cell Adhesion and Migration	2016	ISSN 1933-6926
Freeman, Spencer A. et al.	Toll-like receptor ligands sensitize B-cell receptor signalling by reducing actin-dependent spatial confinement of the receptor	Nature Communications	2015	ISSN 2041-1723
Peykov, S. et al.	Identification and functional characterization of rare SHANK2 variants in schizophrenia	Molecular Psychiatry	2015	ISSN 1476-5578
Allison, Patrick et al.	Type III TGFβ receptor and Src direct hyaluronan-mediated invasive cell motility	Cellular Signalling	2015	ISSN 1873-3913
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Kwok, Willson et al.	Rho-kinase activation contributes to lps-induced impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation by endothelin-1 in cultured hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells	Shock	2014	ISSN 1540-0514
Asahara, S. et al.	Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via modulation of F-actin	Diabetologia	2013	PMID 23412604
Ramachandran, Aruna et al.	JunB Mediates Basal- and TGFβ1-Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Contractility	PLOS ONE	2013	ISSN 1932--6203
Shuang, Feng et al.	Destrin deletion enhances the bone loss in hindlimb suspended mice	European journal of applied physiology	2013	ISSN 1439--6327
Fan, Jianguo et al.	A role for γs-crystallin in the organization of actin and fiber cell maturation in the mouse lens	FEBS Journal	2012	ISSN 1742-464X
Malenda, Agata et al.	Statins Impair Glucose Uptake in Tumor Cells	Neoplasia	2012	ISSN 1476--5586
Liu, Shirong et al.	TLR2 is a primary receptor for Alzheimer's amyloid β peptide to trigger neuroinflammatory activation	Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)	2012	ISSN 1550--6606
Rapier, Rebecca et al.	The extracellular matrix microtopography drives critical changes in cellular motility and Rho A activity in colon cancer cells	Cancer Cell International	2010	ISSN 1475-2867
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Faqs

Question 1: At which step can the assay be stopped?

Answer 1: The assay cannot be stopped until after the 100,000 x g spin for 1 hour at 37°C. After this high speed centrifugation, the supernatant (G-actin) can be mixed with SDS loading buffer and frozen for later use. The pellet (F-actin) should be resuspended with a depolymerizing agent and water and then mixed with SDS loading buffer and frozen for later use. Upon freezing, F-actin depolymerizes, so it is necessary to separate the F-actin from the G-actin before freezing samples to isolate samples for an accurate measurement of F-actin and G-actin ratios.

Question 2: How sensitive is this assay?

Answer 2: The assay can detect as small as a 15% shift in G-actin to F-actin ratio. Each condition should be performed in duplicate and repeated several times as assay reproducibility can vary by 10-20% between experiments.

Question 3: Will the kit work at slower centrifugation speeds such as 16,000 x g?

Answer 3: Unfortunately, no. In our testing centrifugation speeds slower than 100,000 x g, including up to 26,000 x g, failed to efficiently pellet F-actin.

If you have any questions concerning this product, please contact our Technical Service department at tservice@cytoskeleton.com

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G-Actin/F-actin In Vivo Assay Biochem Kit

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