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  1. Home
  2. In vivo ubiquitination

In vivo ubiquitination

What is ubiquitination, and why do investigators want to know if their protein is ubiquitinated in their in vivo system?

Ubiquitination is a well-studied post-translational modification mechanism that occurs when ubiquitin (Ub) chains are covalently linked to target proteins to mark them for degradation via the proteasome. Ub-dependent protein degradation controls a multitude of cellular events1. Furthermore, mono- and poly- ubiquitination of target proteins can also regulate non-proteolytic functions, including protein scaffolding, signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and others2.

Targeting ubiquitination for therapeutic intervention has garnered significant interest not only because of its role in health and disease, but also because utilizing the ubiquitin machinery may be an effective way to target disease-causing proteins for degradation3. Examples include the proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTACs) and molecular glue degraders (MGDs), both of which have shown tremendous promise at targeting aberrant proteins for degradation (see newsletter).

Given Ub’s pervasive role in biology, it is critical to track changes in target protein ubiquitination in cells and tissues from model organisms to form a complete picture of its role both physiologically and pathologically. This is especially relevant, as momentum grows to target Ub pathways and mechanisms to treat cancer, metabolic, and neurologic diseases.

Figure Legend: Schematic depicting the different types of tissues and model organisms that have recently been used with the Signal-Seeker Ub detection kit to characterize target protein ubiquitination in vivo.

How can a comprehensive ubiquitin detection kit aid in studying ubiquitination in vivo?

The Signal-Seeker™ Ubiquitination Detection Kit effectively detects mono-, poly-, and multi-ubiquitinated proteins, which sets it apart from many other commercial ubiquitin enrichment tools. The comprehensive nature of the kit provides the essential components to not only effectively capture and detect ubiquitinated proteins, but also provides essential controls to verify results. Important reagents include a denaturing-like lysis buffer (BlastR), control immunoprecipitation beads, deubiquitinase inhibitors, and a pan-Ub antibody.

Importantly, the Signal-Seeker Ub Detection Kit was developed for use with cells and tissues. Recently, a flurry of reports has highlighted its utility to detect protein ubiquitination in tissue from a variety of organisms, including mouse brain4-6, rat liver7, Drosophila ovaries8, and plant leaves9. Below, we discuss several of these findings, as well as features of the kit that make it useful for in vivo investigation.

Whole brain4, hippocampi5, or cortex6 were analyzed for targeted protein ubiquitination with Ub affinity beads. Either fresh or frozen tissue samples were utilized, and in all cases, ubiquitination of the protein of interest was effectively detected.

In another example, Drosophila ovaries from wild-type or mRbfox1 mutants were isolated and lysed in BlastR lysis buffer8. Ub IPs were then performed using Ub affinity beads or control beads. The results yielded a distinct a SxI and global ubiquitination profile, which was further supported by a lack of signal in the control beads.

In a final example, plant leaves from low and high humidity treatment were harvested and analyzed for changes in NPR1 ubiquitination9. Remarkably, significant changes in endogenous ubiquitination of NPR1 were observed in response to humidity.

These examples, in a variety of tissues and species, illustrate the versatility of the Signal-Seeker Ub Detection Kit and highlight why it is a trusted tool for investigating endogenous ubiquitination of target proteins in vivo. As the importance of ubiquitination continues to expand both biologically and therapeutically, validating endogenous ubiquitination changes of target proteins in vivo will be paramount, and Cytoskeleton Inc’s tools can help with this.

References

1. Yang, X., et al., Targeting ubiquitination in disease and therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2025. 10(1): p. 424.

2. Liao, Y., I. Sumara, and E. Pangou, Non-proteolytic ubiquitylation in cellular signaling and human disease. Commun Biol, 2022. 5(1): p. 114.

3. Cruz Walma, D.A., et al., Ubiquitin ligases: guardians of mammalian development. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2022. 23(5): p. 350-367.

4. Kholmanskikh, S., S. Singh, and M.E. Ross, Activation of RhoC by regulatory ubiquitination is mediated by LNX1 and suppressed by LIS1. Sci Rep, 2022. 12(1): p. 16493.

5. Hu, J.H., et al., Activity-dependent degradation of Kv4.2 contributes to synaptic plasticity and behavior in Angelman syndrome model mice. Cell Rep, 2025. 44(5): p. 115583.

6. Tahaei, E., et al., Pendrin regulation is prioritized by anion in high-potassium diets. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2023. 324(3): p. F256-F266.

7. Bentanachs, R., et al., Telmisartan reverses hepatic steatosis via PCK1 upregulation: A novel PPAR-independent mechanism in experimental models of MASLD. Pharmacol Res, 2025. 218: p. 107860.

8. Mercer, M., et al., Bourbon and Mycbp function with Otu to promote Sxl protein expression in the Drosophila female germline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2025. 122(15): p. e2426524122.

9. Yao, L., et al., High air humidity dampens salicylic acid pathway and NPR1 function to promote plant disease. EMBO J, 2023. 42(21): p. e113499.

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