Activation Assays

Cytoskeleton's Small G-protein Activation Assays measure the GTP-bound form of the protein from a cell or tissue extract.

Activation assays are available in two formats: the traditional pull-down bead format and our advanced ELISA based G-LISA format.
Measure Arf1, Cdc42, Rac, Ral, Ras, and Rho
Accurate, sensitive, and user-friendly formats
The most trusted and cited activation assays available
Watch our video or browse the options below to learn more about which format is right for you.

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G-LISA® is a registered trademark of Cytoskeleton, Inc (CO). All rights reserved.

This table outlines some important considerations when deciding which GTPase activation assay is right for you and summarizes what Cytoskeleton feels will be key decision points when choosing between pull-downs and G-LISAs as a means of measuring activation of small G-proteins. For more information and help with deciding which of Cytoskeleton’s activation assays are right for you, please check out the informational links on this page or contact our technical support team at tservice@cytoskeleton.com or 303-322-2254, ext 316.

GTPase Activation Assay Selection Guide

Assay Factor	Assay Considerations	Recommendations
Assay principle	Traditional Pull-Down Utilizes affinity beads coated with an effector protein to selectively bind the active GTPase. The signal is analyzed by western blot.	Traditional pull-down assays use methods familiar to most labs and therefore provide a familiar point of entry. The G-LISA assay is simple to use and has many advantages that should be considered (see below for comparisons).
Assay principle	G-LISA Uses a 96 well plate coated with an effector protein to selectively bind the active GTPase. The signal is analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Equipment	Traditional Pull-Down SDS-PAGE apparatus Western blot apparatus	Consider the equipment requirements prior to deciding upon an assay format.
Equipment	G-LISA Orbital plate shakers (2) Spectrophotometer (set to 490 nm) Multichannel pipette (recommended if handling high number of sample)
Starting material required per assay	Traditional Pull-Down 300 - 2000 µg per assay	If starting material is limited, e.g. primary cells, the G-LISA assay is required.
Starting material required per assay	G-LISA 5 – 50 µg per assay
Cost	Traditional Pull-Down Available as: Combo kit (10 assays each RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42) Starter kit (20 assays) Regular kit (50-80 assays depending on target protein)	Cost issues to consider: Cost per assay: The G-LISA is the best value per assay. Cost per kit: The traditional pull-down assay starter kits generally provide the lowest cost per kit. NOTE: Consider the combo kit as a cost effective choice.
Cost	G-LISA Available in 96 well format. Each well can be broken off and used individually.
Sample handling	Traditional Pull-Down Centrifugation steps and western blot analysis makes this assay most suitable for low sample numbers (≤10).	<10 samples: either assay >10 samples: G-LISA recommended NOTE: Dose responses and time courses are often recommended and will greatly increase the number of samples being analyzed.
Sample handling	G-LISA Amenable to high sample numbers (>10) or dose response/time-course analyses. Wells can be detached and used individually.
Quantification of results	Traditional Pull-Down Western blot quantification has a very narrow linear range. Also, multiple manipulations of the samples result in a somewhat variable assay.	G-LISA assays are recommended for simple, reproducible quantification of results.
Quantification of results	G-LISA Provides a simple numeric readout
Reagents required that are not in the kits	Traditional Pull-Down Cell or tissue lysate Protein quantitation reagent Anti-mouse secondary antibody SDS-PAGE buffers SDS-PAGE gels Molecular weight markers Western blot buffers Western blot detection reagents	The G-LISA assay provides all reagents necessary to perform 96 activation assays. Wells can be detached and used individually.
Reagents required that are not in the kits	G-LISA Cell or tissue lysate

For more detailed information pertaining to Cytoskeletons Activation Assays, please click on the links below

More about traditional pull-down activation assays

More about G-LISA activation assays

Cytoskeleton's Activation Assays have been cited hundreds of times over the past two decades. Example citations for RhoA G-LISA kit, BK124, is shown, but more citations are available on individual product pages. Please use the "Citations" tab on each individual product page.

Author	Title	Journal	Year	Article Link
Nath, Anu S. et al.	Modulation of the cell membrane lipid milieu by peroxisomal β-oxidation induces Rho1 signaling to trigger inflammatory responses	Cell Reports	2022	ISSN 2211-1247
Swaminathan, Bhairavi et al.	Endothelial Notch signaling directly regulates the small GTPase RND1 to facilitate Notch suppression of endothelial migration	Scientific Reports	2022	ISSN 2045-2322
Shoda, Tetsuo et al.	Desmoplakin and periplakin genetically and functionally contribute to eosinophilic esophagitis	Nature Communications	2021	ISSN 2041-1723
Aguilera, Cinthia et al.	The Novel KIF1A Missense Variant (R169T) Strongly Reduces Microtubule Stimulated ATPase Activity and Is Associated With NESCAV Syndrome	Frontiers in Neuroscience	2021
Jozic, Ivan et al.	Glucocorticoid-mediated induction of caveolin-1 disrupts cytoskeletal organization, inhibits cell migration and re-epithelialization of non-healing wounds	Communications Biology	2021	ISSN 2399-3642
Zhou, Qun et al.	Inflammatory Immune Cytokine TNF-α Modulates Ezrin Protein Activation via FAK/RhoA Signaling Pathway in PMVECs Hyperpermeability	Frontiers in Pharmacology	2021	ISSN 1663-9812
Mao, De Yu et al.	CLIC1 and CLIC4 mediate endothelial S1P receptor signaling to facilitate Rac1 and RhoA activity and function	Science Signaling	2021	ISSN 1937-9145
Ma, Yuanyuan et al.	Ror2-mediated non-canonical Wnt signaling regulates Cdc42 and cell proliferation during tooth root development	Development (Cambridge)	2021	ISSN 1477-9129
Gurusamy, Malarvizhi et al.	G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y10 facilitates chemokine-induced CD4 T cell migration through autocrine/paracrine mediators	Nature Communications	2021	ISSN 2041-1723
Lachowski, Dariusz et al.	G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Regulates Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics to Impair Cell Polarization	Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology	2020	ISSN 2296-634X
Rong, Zhouyi et al.	Activation of FAK/Rac1/Cdc42-GTPase signaling ameliorates impaired microglial migration response to Aβ42 in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 loss-of-function murine models	FASEB Journal	2020	ISSN 1530-6860
Salgado-Lucio, Monica L. et al.	FAK regulates actin polymerization during sperm capacitation via the ERK2/GEF-H1/RhoA signaling pathway	Journal of Cell Science	2020	ISSN 1477-9137
Hasan, Wan Nuraini Wan et al.	Annatto-derived tocotrienol promotes mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells by enhancing BMP-2 protein expression via inhibiting RhoA activation and HMG-CoA reductase gene expression	Drug Design, Development and Therapy	2020	ISSN 1177-8881
Krueger, Irena et al.	Reelin amplifies glycoprotein VI activation and alphaiib beta3 integrin outside-in signaling via PLC Gamma 2 and Rho GTPases	Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology	2020	ISSN 1524-4636
Bhosle, Vikrant K. et al.	SLIT2/ROBO1-signaling inhibits macropinocytosis by opposing cortical cytoskeletal remodeling	Nature Communications	2020	ISSN 2041-1723
Porter, Lauren et al.	SUN1/2 Are Essential for RhoA/ROCK-Regulated Actomyosin Activity in Isolated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells	Cells	2020	ISSN 2073-4409
Fox, Megan E. et al.	Dendritic remodeling of D1 neurons by RhoA/Rho-kinase mediates depression-like behavior	Molecular Psychiatry	2020	ISSN 1476-5578
Majolée, Jisca et al.	CSN5 inhibition triggers inflammatory signaling and Rho/ROCK-dependent loss of endothelial integrity	Scientific Reports	2019	ISSN 2045-2322
Dias Gomes, Martim et al.	Polarity signaling ensures epidermal homeostasis by coupling cellular mechanics and genomic integrity	Nature Communications	2019	ISSN 2041-1723
Vautrin-Glabik, Alexia et al.	IP3R3 silencing induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization through ARHGAP18/RhoA/mDia1/FAK pathway in breast cancer cell lines	Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research	2018	ISSN 1879-2596
Ng, Tze Hann et al.	The Rho signalling pathway mediates the pathogenicity of AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp	Cellular Microbiology	2018	ISSN 1462-5822
Tagashira, Toru et al.	Afadin facilitates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced network formation and migration of vascular endothelial cells by inactivating Rho-associated kinase through ARHGAP29	Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology	2018	ISSN 1524-4636
Sun, Xiao Qing et al.	Total flavones of Rhododendron simsii Planch flower protect isolated rat heart from ischaemia-reperfusion injury and its mechanism of UTR-RhoA-ROCK pathway inhibition	Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology	2018	ISSN 2042-7158
Li, Xu et al.	A positive feedback loop of profilin-1 and RhoA/ROCK1 promotes endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress	Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity	2018	ISSN 1942-0994
Kapfhamer, Joshua et al.	The Gα q/11 -provoked induction of Akr1c18 in murine luteal cells is mediated by phospholipase C	Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology	2018	ISSN 1872-8057
Santhana Kumar, Karthiga et al.	TGF-β Determines the Pro-migratory Potential of bFGF Signaling in Medulloblastoma	Cell Reports	2018	ISSN 2211-1247
Schillaci, Odessa et al.	Exosomes from metastatic cancer cells transfer amoeboid phenotype to non-metastatic cells and increase endothelial permeability: Their emerging role in tumor heterogeneity	Scientific Reports	2017	ISSN 2045-2322
Xiao, Bin et al.	Extracellular translationally controlled tumor protein promotes colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis through Cdc42/JNK/ MMP9 signaling	Oncotarget	2016	ISSN 1949-2553
Lu, Wen Juan et al.	Senescence Mediated by p16INK4a Impedes Reprogramming of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells into Neural Crest Progenitors	Scientific Reports	2016	ISSN 2045-2322
Yu, Yonghao et al.	Hydrogen-rich medium ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced barrier dysfunction via rhoa-mdia1 signaling in caco-2 cells	Shock	2016	ISSN 1540-0514
López-Posadas, Rocío et al.	Rho-A prenylation and signaling link epithelial homeostasis to intestinal inflammation	Journal of Clinical Investigation	2016	ISSN 1558-8238
Rom, Slava et al.	PARP inhibition in leukocytes diminishes inflammation via effects on integrins/cytoskeleton and protects the blood-brain barrier	Journal of Neuroinflammation	2016	ISSN 1742-2094
Jackson, William D. et al.	Very-low and low-density lipoproteins induce neutral lipid accumulation and impair migration in monocyte subsets	Scientific Reports	2016	ISSN 2045-2322
Patra, Vijay Kumar et al.	The Skin Microbiome: Is It Affected by UV-induced Immune Suppression?	Frontiers in Microbiology	2016	ISSN 1664-302X
Rom, Slava et al.	Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibition in brain endothelium protects the blood-brain barrier under physiologic and neuroinflammatory conditions	Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism	2015	ISSN 1559-7016
Ochoa-Alvarez, Jhon A. et al.	Antibody and lectin target podoplanin to inhibit oral squamous carcinoma cell migration and viability by distinct mechanisms	Oncotarget	2015	ISSN 1949-2553
Tang, Xiao et al.	HCLOCK Causes Rho-Kinase-Mediated Endothelial Dysfunction and NF-κ B-Mediated Inflammatory Responses	Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity	2015	ISSN 1942-0994
Rom, Slava et al.	The dual action of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase -1 (PARP-1) inhibition in HIV-1 infection: HIV-1 ltr inhibition and diminution in Rho GTPase activity	Frontiers in Microbiology	2015	ISSN 1664-302X
Freeman, Spencer A. et al.	Toll-like receptor ligands sensitize B-cell receptor signalling by reducing actin-dependent spatial confinement of the receptor	Nature Communications	2015	ISSN 2041-1723
Manukyan, Arkadi et al.	A complex of p190RhoGAP-A and anillin modulates RhoA-GTP and the cytokinetic furrow in human cells	Journal of Cell Science	2015	ISSN 1477-9137
Skrbic, Biljana et al.	Lack of collagen VIII reduces fibrosis and promotes early mortality and cardiac dilatation in pressure overload in mice	Cardiovascular Research	2015	ISSN 1755-3245
Aifuwa, Ivie et al.	Senescent stromal cells induce cancer cell migration via inhibition of RhoA/ROCK/myosin-based cell contractility	Oncotarget	2015	ISSN 1949-2553
Cascio, Graciela et al.	CXCL12 Regulates through JAK1 and JAK2 Formation of Productive Immunological Synapses	The Journal of Immunology	2015	ISSN 0022--1767
Mackay, Joanna L. et al.	Simultaneous and independent tuning of RhoA and Rac1 activity with orthogonally inducible promoters	Integrative Biology (United Kingdom)	2014	ISSN 1757-9708
Ahn, Bum Ju et al.	Ninjurin1 enhances the basal motility and transendothelial migration of immune cells by inducing protrusive membrane dynamics	Journal of Biological Chemistry	2014	ISSN 1083-351X
Beveridge, Ryan D. et al.	The leukemia-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor LARG is required for efficient replication stress signaling	Cell Cycle	2014	ISSN 1551-4005
Zhu, Ying Ting et al.	Knockdown of both p120 catenin and kaiso promotes expansion of human corneal endothelial monolayers via rhoa-rock-noncanonical BMP-NFκB pathway	Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science	2014	ISSN 1552-5783
Biechler V., Stefanie V. et al.	The impact of flow-induced forces on the morphogenesis of the outflow tract	Frontiers in Physiology	2014	ISSN 1664-042X
Herr, Michael J. et al.	Tetraspanin CD9 regulates cell contraction and actin arrangement via RhoA in human vascular smooth muscle cells	PLoS ONE	2014	ISSN 1932-6203
Zhang, Di et al.	Co-expression of delta-catenin and RhoA is significantly associated with a malignant lung cancer phenotype	International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology	2014	ISSN 1936-2625
Chen, Xiaofei et al.	The TMEFF2 tumor suppressor modulates integrin expression, RhoA activation and migration of prostate cancer cells	Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research	2014	ISSN 1879-2596
Kalia, Manjula et al.	Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infects Neuronal Cells through a Clathrin-Independent Endocytic Mechanism	Journal of Virology	2013	ISSN 0022--538X
DiScipio, Richard G. et al.	Complement C3a signaling mediates production of angiogenic factors in mesenchymal stem cells	Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering	2013	ISSN 1937--6871
Yang, Jian et al.	Inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in vivo	International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology	2013	ISSN 1357-2725
Rom, Slava et al.	Selective activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 in leukocytes suppresses their engagement of the brain endothelium and protects the blood-brain barrier	American Journal of Pathology	2013	ISSN 0002-9440
Tan, Hong et al.	Fluid flow forces and rhoA regulate fibrous development of the atrioventricular valves	Developmental Biology	2013	ISSN 1095-564X
Dubash, Adi D. et al.	The GEF Bcr activates RhoA/MAL signaling to promote keratinocyte differentiation via desmoglein-1	Journal of Cell Biology	2013	ISSN 0021-9525
Papke, Christina L. et al.	Smooth muscle hyperplasia due to loss of smooth muscle α-actin is driven by activation of focal adhesion kinase, altered p53 localization and increased levels of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β	Human Molecular Genetics	2013	ISSN 0964-6906
Kanazawa, Yasushi et al.	The Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil restores normal motor nerve conduction velocity in diabetic rats by assuring the proper localization of adhesion-related molecules in myelinating Schwann cells	Experimental neurology	2013	ISSN 1090--2430
Zhu, Ying Ting et al.	Nuclear p120 catenin unlocks mitotic block of contactinhibited human corneal endothelial monolayers without disrupting adherent junctions	Journal of Cell Science	2012	ISSN 0021-9533
Elali, Ayman et al.	Liver X receptor activation enhances blood-brain barrier integrity in the ischemic brain and increases the abundance of ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCB1 and ABCC1 on brain capillary cells	Brain Pathology	2012	ISSN 1015-6305
Howe, Grant A. et al.	RhoB controls endothelial cell morphogenesis in part via negative regulation of RhoA	Vascular Cell	2012	ISSN 2045--824X
Greco, Carolina M. et al.	Chemotactic effect of prorenin on human aortic smooth muscle cells: a novel function of the (pro)renin receptor	Cardiovascular Research	2012	ISSN 0008--6363
Dhaliwal, Anandika et al.	Cellular Cytoskeleton Dynamics Modulates Non-Viral Gene Delivery through RhoGTPases		2012	PMID 22509380
Ramsay, Alan G. et al.	Multiple inhibitory ligands induce impaired T-cell immunologic synapse function in chronic lymphocytic leukemia that can be blocked with lenalidomide: Establishing a reversible immune evasion mechanism in human cancer	Blood	2012	ISSN 1528-0020
Chen, Guang et al.	Inhibition of chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12/chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 axis (CXCL12/CXCR4)-mediated cell migration by targeting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in human gastric carcinoma cells (Journal of Biological Chemistry (2012) 2	Journal of Biological Chemistry	2012	ISSN 0021-9258
Yang, Seungwon et al.	The RhoA-ROCK-PTEN pathway as a molecular switch for anchorage dependent cell behavior	Biomaterials	2012	ISSN 1878--5905
Takefuji, Mikito et al.	G13-mediated signaling pathway is required for pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and heart failure	Circulation	2012	ISSN 0009-7322
Chen, Si Meng et al.	Inhibition of tumor cell growth, proliferation and migration by X-387, a novel active-site inhibitor of mTOR	Biochemical Pharmacology	2012	ISSN 0006-2952
Garrido‐Gómez, Tamara et al.	Annexin A2 is critical for embryo adhesiveness to the human endometrium by RhoA activation through F‐actin regulation	The FASEB Journal	2012
Zhou, Zhigang et al.	HSV-mediated gene transfer of C3 transferase inhibits Rho to promote axonal regeneration	Experimental Neurology	2012
McCoy, Kelly L. et al.	Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) coupling to G(q/11) but not to G(i/o) or G(12/13) is mediated by discrete amino acids within the receptor second intracellular loop	Cellular signalling	2012	ISSN 1873--3913
Ramseyer, Vanesa D. et al.	Tumor necrosis factor α decreases nitric oxide synthase type 3 expression primarily via Rho/Rho kinase in the thick ascending limb	Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)	2012	ISSN 1524--4563
Mammoto, Tadanori et al.	Mechanochemical Control of Mesenchymal Condensation and Embryonic Tooth Organ Formation	Developmental Cell	2011	ISSN 1534-5807
Ganguly, Riya et al.	Adiponectin Increases LPL Activity via RhoA/ROCK-Mediated Actin Remodelling in Adult Rat Cardiomyocytes	Endocrinology	2011	ISSN 0013--7227
Musso, Alessandra et al.	Relevance of the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway in the regulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated effects on T-cell proliferation and B-cell survival	Haematologica	2011	ISSN 1592--8721
Jin, Wanzhu et al.	Increased SRF transcriptional activity in human and mouse skeletal muscle is a signature of insulin resistance	Journal of Clinical Investigation	2011	ISSN 0021-9738
Aguilar, Hector N. et al.	Phos-tag-based analysis of myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation in human uterine myocytes	PLoS ONE	2011	ISSN 1932-6203
Lichtenstein, Mathieu P. et al.	Secretase-independent and RhoGTPase/PAK/ERK-dependent regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics in astrocytes by NSAIDs and derivatives	Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD	2010	ISSN 1875--8908
Rapier, Rebecca et al.	The extracellular matrix microtopography drives critical changes in cellular motility and Rho A activity in colon cancer cells	Cancer Cell International	2010	ISSN 1475-2867
Rebillard, Amélie et al.	Cisplatin-induced apoptosis involves a Fas-ROCK-ezrin-dependent actin remodelling in human colon cancer cells	European Journal of Cancer	2010	ISSN 0959-8049
Romero, Ana M. et al.	Chronic ethanol exposure alters the levels, assembly, and cellular organization of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules in hippocampal neurons in primary culture	Toxicological Sciences	2010	ISSN 1096-6080
Yang, Enyue et al.	Fluoride induces vascular contraction through activation of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway in isolated rat aortas	Environmental toxicology and pharmacology	2010	ISSN 1872--7077
Nini, Lylia et al.	Accurate and reproducible measurements of RhoA activation in small samples of primary cells	Analytical biochemistry	2010	ISSN 1096--0309
Ridgway, Lon D. et al.	Modulation of GEF-H1 Induced Signaling by Heparanase in Brain Metastatic Melanoma Cells	Journal of cellular biochemistry	2010	ISSN 0730-2312
Seifert, Jennifer L. et al.	Differential activation of Rac1 and RhoA in neuroblastoma cell fractions	Neuroscience letters	2009	ISSN 0304--3940
Hammar, Eva et al.	Role of the Rho-ROCK (Rho-Associated Kinase) Signaling Pathway in the Regulation of Pancreatic β-Cell Function	Endocrinology	2009	ISSN 0013--7227
Liu, Yang et al.	Ablation of p120-catenin enhances invasion and metastasis of human lung cancer cells	Cancer Science	2009	ISSN 1347-9032
Chastre, Eric et al.	TRIP6, a novel molecular partner of the MAGI-1 scaffolding molecule, promotes invasiveness	The FASEB Journal	2009	ISSN 1530--6860
Kinoshita, Nagatoki et al.	No Title	Molecular Biology of the Cell	2008	ISSN 1059-1524
Korobova, Farida et al.	Arp2/3 complex is important for filopodia formation, growth cone motility, and neuritogenesis in neuronal cells	Molecular biology of the cell	2008	ISSN 1939--4586
Mercer, Jason et al.	Vaccinia virus uses macropinocytosis and apoptotic mimicry to enter host cells	Science (New York, N.Y.)	2008	ISSN 1095--9203
Ramirez, Servio H. et al.	Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) Suppresses Rho GTPases in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Inhibits Adhesion and Transendothelial Migration of HIV-1 Infected Monocytes	The Journal of Immunology	2008	ISSN 0022--1767
Sequeira, Linda et al.	Rho GTPases in PC-3 prostate cancer cell morphology, invasion and tumor cell diapedesis	Clinical & experimental metastasis	2008	ISSN 0262--0898
Moore, Simon W. et al.	Rho inhibition recruits DCC to the neuronal plasma membrane and enhances axon chemoattraction to netrin 1	Development	2008	ISSN 0950--1991
Schreibelt, Gerty et al.	Reactive oxygen species alter brain endothelial tight junction dynamics via RhoA, PI3 kinase, and PKB signaling	FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology	2007	ISSN 1530--6860
Tanaka, Shigeru et al.	Neural expression of G protein-coupled receptors GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12 up-regulates cyclic AMP levels and promotes neurite outgrowth	The Journal of biological chemistry	2007	ISSN 0021--9258
Keely, Patricia J. et al.	Investigating integrin regulation and signaling events in three-dimensional systems	Methods in enzymology	2007	ISSN 0076--6879
Rupp, Paul A. et al.	A role for RhoA in the two-phase migratory pattern of post-otic neural crest cells	Developmental Biology	2007	ISSN 0012-1606
Bradley, William D. et al.	Integrin Signaling through Arg Activates p190RhoGAP by Promoting Its Binding to p120RasGAP and Recruitment to the Membrane	Molecular Biology of the Cell	2006	ISSN 1059-1524

Question 1: Which is the best Small G-protein activation assay for my tissue?

Answer 1: Cytoskeleton, Inc. offers a large number of G-LISA and traditional pull-down activation assays to study the biology and biochemistry of small G-proteins. Our G-LISA activation assays provide an improved method of measuring the activity of small G-proteins utilizing a simple and quick protocol in 96-well format to provide extremely accurate results. To complement our G-LISA line of activation assays, we also offer the most efficiently designed and complete traditional pull-down activation assays available.

Based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technology, our G-LISA activation assays utilize a 96 well format with 12 x 8 well strips that provide the flexibility to run 1 to 96 wells (each well is a condition/treatment) at one time. This flexibility is especially important if any concentration, dose or time course analyses will be performed. Pull-downs are limited to the number of wells in each gel (usually 10-15) that will be run. The G-LISA assays are also more accurate and quantitative than pull-downs with greater sensitivity while using less material per well. The isotype specificity depends on the antibodies being used to capture and visualize the small G-proteins. We have designed both types of activation assays to specifically target RhoA and Rac1. Each of these assays can be easily modified to study RhoB and RhoC or Rac2 and Rac3, respectively. We also offer activation assays for Cdc42, Ras, and RalA. For a quick “look and see” experiment with a few treatment conditions (one drug concentration and time point), pull-downs are convenient. Pull-downs also utilize methods that are very familiar to most labs and so offer a convenient entry point for small G-protein activation assays. Besides the standard sized pull-down kits (50-80 assays, depending on protein), we also offer a starter-sized kit (20 assays) for RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42, and Ras. To screen for multiple small G-proteins, we recommend the Combo starter pull-down kit which provides 10 assays each for RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42.

For an interactive guide to help choose the activation assay that is right for you, click here.

Question 2: Are there any citations for the G-LISA series?

Answer 2:Yes, the G-LISA activation assays are well-cited in the scientific literature. Please see the “Citations” tab above for links to some current citations for our RhoA, Rac and Cdc42 G-LISA activation assays.

Select from the categories below:

G-LISA Activation Assays

Pull-down Assays

RhoA / Rac1 / Cdc42 Activation Assay Combo Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 3 x 10 assays sku : BK030

RhoA / Rac1 / Cdc42 Activation Assay Combo Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 3 x 10 assays
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MSDS
Arf1 G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (Colorimetric Based) - 96 assays sku : BK132

G-LISA Arf1 Activation Assay Biochem Kit (Colorimetric Based)
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MSDS
Arf1 Pull-down Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 20 Assays sku : BK032-S

Arf1 Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 20 Assays
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MSDS
Arf6 Pull-down Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 20 Assays sku : BK033-S

Arf6 Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 20 Assays
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MSDS
Cdc42 G-LISA Activation Assay (Colorimetric format) - 24 assays sku : BK127-S

G-LISA Cdc42 Activation Assay Biochem Kit (Colorimetric format)
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MSDS
Cdc42 G-LISA Activation Assay (Colorimetric format) - 96 assays sku : BK127

G-LISA Cdc42 Activation Assay Biochem Kit (Colorimetric format)
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MSDS
Cdc42 Pull-down Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 20 Assays sku : BK034-S

Cdc42 Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 20 Assays
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MSDS
Cdc42 Pull-down Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 50 Assays sku : BK034

Cdc42 Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull down format) - 50 Assays
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MSDS
Rac1 G-LISA Activation Assay (Luminescence format) - 96 assays sku : BK126

G-LISA Rac 1 Activation Assay Biochem Kit (luminescence format)
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MSDS
Rac1 G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (Colorimetric Based) 24 assays sku : BK128-S

Rac1 G-LISA Activation Assay (Colorimetric Based)
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MSDS
Rac1 G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (Colorimetric Based) 96 assays sku : BK128

Rac1 G-LISA Activation Assay (Colorimetric Based)
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MSDS
Rac1 Pull-down Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 20 Assays sku : BK035-S

Rac1 Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 20 Assays
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MSDS
Rac1 Pull-down Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 50 Assays sku : BK035

Rac1 Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 50 Assays
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MSDS
Rac1,2,3 G-LISA Activation Assay (Colorimetric format) 96 assays sku : BK125

G-LISA Rac 1,2,3 Activation Assay Biochem Kit (colorimetric format)
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MSDS
RalA Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 50 Assays sku : BK040

RalA Activation Assay Biochem Kit - 50 Assays
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MSDS
RalA G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (Colorimetric Based) 96 assays sku : BK129

RalA G-LISA Activation Assay (Colorimetric Based)
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MSDS
Ras G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (Colorimetric Based) - 96 assays sku : BK131
G-LISA Ras Activation Assay Biochem Kit (Colorimetric format) Learn More

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MSDS
Ras Pull-down Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 20 Assays sku : BK008-S

Ras Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 20 Assays
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MSDS
Ras Pull-down Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 50 Assays sku : BK008

Ras Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 50 Assays
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MSDS
RhoA / Rac1 / Cdc42 G-LISA Activation Assay Bundle 3 Kits (24 assays per kit) sku : BK135

RhoA / Rac1 / Cdc42 Activation Assay Bundle - 3 x 24 assays
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Datasheet

MSDS
RhoA G-LISA Activation Assay (Luminescence format) 96 assays sku : BK121

G-LISA RhoA Activation Assay Biochem Kit (luminescence format)
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Datasheet

MSDS
RhoA G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (Colorimetric format) 24 assays sku : BK124-S

G-LISA RhoA Activation Assay Biochem Kit (Colorimetric format)
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Datasheet

MSDS
RhoA G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (Colorimetric format) 96 assays sku : BK124

G-LISA RhoA Activation Assay Biochem Kit (colorimetric format)
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Datasheet

MSDS
RhoA Pull-down Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 20 Assays sku : BK036-S

RhoA Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 20 Assays
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Datasheet

MSDS
RhoA Pull-down Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 80 Assays sku : BK036

RhoA Activation Assay Biochem Kit (bead pull-down format) - 80 Assays
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Datasheet

MSDS
Total RhoA ELISA sku : BK150

Total RhoA ELISA
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Datasheet

MSDS

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